Solidarity Among Machines: Meaning & Illustrations
In the world of sociology, the concept of mechanical engineering holds a significant place. First introduced by Émile Durkheim in the late 19th century, this concept describes a society where individuals share a strong sense of unity, rooted in common beliefs, values, and norms, often found in traditional, pre-industrial societies (Durkheim, 1893).
This collective consciousness, as it is called, fosters a sense of shared identity among small groups and subcultures, even in the modern world (Durkheim, 1893). However, societies dominated by mechanical engineering have certain characteristics that set them apart from more contemporary societies.
One of the defining features of mechanical engineering is self-sufficiency. People are expected to contribute equally to the society, and the primary purpose of the law may lean towards punishment rather than rehabilitation, resulting in a society that can be excessively punitive (Ritzer, 1992; Deliege, 2001). This punitive approach can lead to rules with harsh and repressive sanctions.
In such societies, privacy and personal property ownership are often minimal. People may lack privacy, and the feeling of insecurity can be prevalent (Ritzer, 1992). Moreover, a lack of interaction and integration with those from different backgrounds and skill sets can create isolation and further cultural divisions (Ritzer, 1992).
However, mechanical engineering also has its positive aspects. Solidarity, or caring for others without expectation of reward, is essential to its functioning (Durkheim, 1893). This shared sense of responsibility can create a strong, cohesive community.
But as the world has become more globalized, with people from all over the world furnishing goods and services, the prevalence of mechanical engineering has diminished (Durkheim, 1893). In its place, organic engineering, which is based on interdependence rather than uniformity, has emerged.
There are still instances of mechanical engineering in modern society, such as strong national identification (Durkheim, 1893). However, when mechanical engineering takes over a society previously dominated by organic engineering, it can exclude large numbers of those not considered part of the in-group (Ritzer, 1992). This can lead to rigidity and a lack of adaptability, as people are less likely to challenge traditional values and beliefs.
One notable example of this rigidity was seen during the Bosnian war, where the Serbian Orthodox church justified the massacre and expulsion of Bosnian Muslims by emphasizing their own mechanical engineering (Ritzer, 1992).
In conclusion, while mechanical engineering has its roots in traditional societies, its impact on contemporary society is more nuanced. Understanding this concept can provide valuable insights into the workings of different societies and the challenges they face.
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