Model Based on ADDIE: Definition and Application Strategies
The ADDIE model, developed in the 1970s for the U.S. Army, is a proven and tested method for creating and designing effective training programs. This five-stage instructional design process has been widely adopted by instructional designers for training individuals across various sectors. In recent years, the Successive Approximation Model (Sam), a simplified version of ADDIE, has gained popularity due to its emphasis on collaboration between the instructional designer and learners.
The ADDIE Model: A Structured Approach to Effective Training
The ADDIE model consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Each stage plays a crucial role in ensuring the training or lesson plan addresses learner needs, leverages appropriate instructional strategies, and continuously improves based on measured outcomes.
Analysis
The first stage, Analysis, involves identifying the learning needs, understanding the target audience, and clarifying the broad goals of the training or lesson. This stage requires gathering information on learners’ backgrounds, skills gaps, and desired outcomes to define clear objectives.
Design
In the Design stage, the analysis is translated into specific learning objectives, and an instructional strategy is created. This includes outlining the sequence of content, selecting teaching methods, deciding on assessment tools, and planning learning activities and resources in detail.
Development
The Development stage involves building or producing the training materials and content based on the design plans. This step includes creating media, documents, exercises, and any supporting materials needed for delivery.
Implementation
During the Implementation phase, the training or lesson is delivered to learners. Logistics such as learning management systems (LMS), schedules, communication tools, and support for learners during the course are organised. This phase tests how the materials function in a real environment.
Evaluation
The Evaluation stage assesses the effectiveness of the training against the initial goals through feedback, performance data, and learner outcomes. This evaluation is used to inform revisions and improvements to the program.
The Successive Approximation Model (Sam): Collaborative Instructional Design
The Successive Approximation Model (Sam) is a simplified version of the ADDIE model, encouraging collaboration between the instructional designer and learners. Sam emphasises an iterative process, with continuous feedback and refinement throughout the design and development stages, resulting in a more responsive and learner-centric approach.
Enhancing Learning Effectiveness with the ADDIE Model
To facilitate effective learning, it is recommended to add lots of visuals to training documents. The ADDIE model's development phase involves creating training materials, mapping lesson plans, and creating interactive content based on course design.
The ADDIE model's evaluation phase is crucial for knowing if instructional goals are achieved and the training method is successful. This phase includes ongoing and 'end of the course' evaluation, seeking feedback from learners, instructors, and stakeholders to improve the processes.
The Advantages and Limitations of the ADDIE Model
The ADDIE model offers numerous benefits, including a structured approach for designing courses, flexibility for various learning environments, and continuous improvement through evaluation. However, it does have some limitations, such as potential issues with strict deadlines, rigidity for projects requiring frequent changes, and costs for smaller projects.
In conclusion, the ADDIE and Successive Approximation (Sam) models provide a systematic and effective approach to instructional design, ensuring that training or lesson planning addresses learner needs, leverages appropriate instructional strategies, and continuously improves based on measured outcomes.
- To create effective training programs, consider utilising the ADDIE Model's stages for designing lessons, addressing learner needs, selecting appropriate instructional strategies, and continuously improving based on results.
- Effective learning can be achieved by incorporating visuals into training documents during the development phase of the ADDIE Model and evaluating the success of the training through ongoing and end-of-course feedback.
