List of African Nations with Largest Foreign Debts in 2025 (Ranked)
In recent times, the economic impact of the pandemic has taken a heavy toll on many African nations, particularly those heavily dependent on tourism. One such example is Mauritius, where the debt-to-GDP ratio has risen to 79.1%.
Eritrea, on the other hand, faces an even more daunting challenge, as its total debt exceeds its yearly economic production, resulting in a staggering debt-to-GDP ratio of 210.6%.
Egypt, with an estimated total debt of approximately $15.5 billion, has significant financial obligations, with $9.45 billion owed to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and $7.9 billion to China.
Zimbabwe's debt crisis, the result of prolonged economic mismanagement, hyperinflation, and currency devaluation, has pushed its debt-to-GDP ratio to 87.2%.
By 2025, the debt could reach $1.2 trillion at the annual meeting of the African Development Bank Group. Tanzania, for instance, has an estimated total debt of $12.454 billion, with debt obligations to the World Bank and IMF.
Sudan faces severe challenges, including famine, political instability, and economic turmoil, resulting in a debt burden of 146.5% of its GDP. Africa's foreign debt accounted for 24.5% of the continent's GDP in 2024.
Zambia's debt distress is due to extensive external borrowing, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 107.5%. Cote d'Ivoire has a debt of $3.9 billion from China, $2.1 billion from the IMF, and about $1 billion from the World Bank.
Mozambique's debt issues are linked to the "hidden debt" scandal and government expenditure, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 97.5%. Cape Verde's debt surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of 107.1%.
Ethiopia has a total estimated debt obligation of $20.31 billion to the IMF, World Bank, and China alone. Africa's total external debt stood at $1.152 trillion by the end of 2023.
The Republic of the Congo has a significant debt load, heavily influenced by its dependence on oil revenue and the fluctuating nature of global oil prices, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 94.7%. Angola has a foreign debt of over $23.99 billion, with over $23.99 billion owed to China and the IMF.
Ghana faces a growing debt burden amid economic pressures on its residents, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 82.4%. Kenya has a debt obligation of about $21.78 billion, with $6.7 billion owed to China, $12 billion to the World Bank, and about $3 billion to the IMF.
Nigeria has an estimated total foreign debt of $21.41 billion, with $16.5 billion owed to the World Bank and $4.3 billion to China. Malawi struggles with debt due to its reliance on foreign aid and challenges in the agricultural sector, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 85.4%.
The largest international creditors providing foreign bonds to African states in 2025 include major emerging market investors and countries involved in African debt markets. However, precise country-by-country bond amounts for 2025 are not explicitly detailed in the available data. Emerging market issuers raised about 350 billion USD in new bond capital, a portion of which likely supports African states. Specific breakdowns by creditor countries and exact foreign bond values to Africa in 2025 are not provided in the search results.
Read also:
- Czech Casino Doxxbet candidly discusses its operations within the Czech Republic
- Seeking Drone Superiority? Allow the Squad to Crumble
- Global investment in renewable energy by China reaches 625 billion, expediting the worldwide shift away from fossil fuels.
- Financial Empire Drama Serving as a Modern Alert for Viewers
){kind=link}